Buku Teks
Pola Makan dan Obesitas
Obesity is a condition where there is excessive accumulation of body fat tissue. In the last decade, the prevalence of obesity worldwide has increased drastically, making this nutritional problem one of the problems that needs serious attention. Obesity should not be considered merely a consequence of an unhealthy lifestyle that poses a significant risk to health. However, obesity should be considered a disease and a risk factor for other diseases.
Obesity, which is currently a pandemic in the world, is a very complex problem. The obesity pandemic occurs due to many changes throughout the world. These changes are not only related to individual influences, but also because of structural changes in almost all countries in the world. It is undeniable that the development of food processing technology, transportation, and the flow of globalization have caused fundamental changes in people's eating patterns in almost all parts of the world. Meanwhile, the structure and composition of food from many countries have changed following the trend of changes in world eating patterns.
Obesity is a risk factor for degenerative diseases such as hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes mellitus. Obesity can also provide a high risk of comorbidity to various diseases such as hyperinsulinemia, pancreatic beta cell dysfunction, hypertension, sleep apnea, fertility disorders and reproductive hormone abnormalities. The US Surgeon General in 2001 stated that obesity can actually be prevented, like smoking. The causes of overweight and obesity are very complex, including lifestyle changes such as diet and physical activity, social relationships, habits, culture, physiological, metabolic and genetic factors. Therefore, obesity treatment is not easy because it involves a combination of various methods, namely behavior modification, diet management, exercise, drugs and the use of tools or surgery. However, nutritional management and physical activity carried out together have been proven to be able to prevent and treat obesity.
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