Buku Teks
Mikrobiota vs stunting pada anak : terutama pengaruhnya pada stunting anak balita
The incidence of short toddlers or commonly known as stunting is one of the nutritional problems experienced by toddlers in the world today. Stunting can be determined by comparing body length or height with established standards. This stunting condition is defined if the Z-score value for height for age (TB/U) is less than -2 to -3 standard deviations (SD). The results of Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2018 stated that the proportion of stunting decreased from 37.2% to 30.8% with the highest prevalence being in the 12-23 month age group with the criteria for very short at 15.3% and short at 22.4%. . This means that one in three children is stunted. The reduction in the prevalence of stunting by 6.4% shows that nutritional status in Indonesia has improved, but if we are guided by WHO public nutritional health standards, a region is said to be experiencing chronic nutritional problems if the prevalence of stunting is > 20%.
Interventions to overcome stunting in children mainly focus on inadequate nutritional intake. In an effort to eradicate stunting in children, it is necessary to have good access to water sources for drinking purposes, clean and adequate toilet facilities, availability of water, space and soap for washing hands around children. This condition can prevent the transmission of infectious diseases such as diarrhea to reduce the incidence of stunting in children.
The worse a child's nutritional status, the greater the number of pathogenic microbiota in the digestive tract compared to healthy children. Poor sanitation and stunting will cause the digestive tract to experience excessive growth of pathogenic bacteria, this is what causes stunted children to be very susceptible to diarrhea and a decrease in the immune system because infections in the digestive tract can cause the probiotic microbiota to decline. The increased composition of pathogenic bacteria causes inflammation and malabsorption of nutrients, causing stunting.
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